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Task 1 Project 1

Contents 1 What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere? 1.1 Co-leaders 1.2 Proposed active collaborators 1.3 Introduction

What is the effect of transient solar events on the middle and lower atmosphere?

Input for this task is expected from WG3. Output will be used in task 1.3.

Co-leaders

• Irina Mironova (RU)
• Annikka Seppälä (UK/FI)

Proposed active collaborators

• studies of aerosol, water vapor response of SPE - M. Kulmala (FI), J. Kazil (GER);
• Energetic particle precipitation – P. Veronnen (Finland), M. Clilverd (UK), C. Randall (US), C. Rodger (NZ)

Introduction

Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events – flux of the charged particles accelerated to high energies during solar flares and/or coronal mass ejections. These particles are mostly protons and heaver ions with energy ranging from a few tens of keV to GeV. Normally SEP penetrate into the upper polar atmosphere, and only during some extremely strong SEP events, called Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), energetic particles can reach the troposphere increasing the ionization rate here. Transient solar events in energetic particles on the Earth atmosphere are events with enhanced energetic particle precipitation (mostly in polar and sub-polar regions) of the duration of hours-days. This gives a unique opportunity to study a direct effect on the atmosphere in case studies.

==What is the effect of transient solar events on the mesosphere and upper stratosphere?==

==What is the effect of transient solar events on the low stratosphere and upper troposphere?==